精彩報告 | 排課團隊如何更好地支持智慧校園——莫納什大學案例

Wilna Joubert

（莫納什大學  學生排課服務&教育業務服務 副主任）

Thank you so much for letting me share alittle bit about Australia, a little bit about my university Monash that youjust heard about, to give you a little bit of different view of smart campus,my view of smart campus. My role is the associate director of timetabling inMonash University, I want to share with you how we support a smart campus atMonash University.

On the slide, on the right-hand side, thatphoto that you see that is one of the uniquespaces for our student, the informal social spaces where student can go. Weencourage them to use that space to stay with their friends and learn, gothrough their work. This is one of the spaces in the new building that wasopened, it was completed in November 2017, so only last year the first timethat we scheduled classes into that room. This building is being rewarded in certified a 5 Star Green Star forsustainability and received awards for Interior Architecture and EducationalArchitecture.

非常感謝給予我此次機會跟各位分享一些關于澳大利亞莫納什大學的情況，以及一些我對智慧校園的不同看法。

我是莫納什大學排課服務、學生&教育業務服務部的副主任Wilna Joubert, 我想與大家分享排課團隊如何支持莫納什大學智能校園。

在幻燈片的右側，您看到的照片是我們學生的“獨特空間”之一，學生可以去的非正式社交空間，我們鼓勵他們利用這個空間與朋友在一起學習，完成他們的作業。

這是新大樓開放的空間之一，于2017年11月完工，所以從去年開始我們第一次在這裡安排了課程。該建築獲得了可持續發展的五星級綠色星級獎，并獲得了室内建築和教育建築獎。

A little bit about Monash university, thenumber of student, at the moment about 77,000 students, the 73,800 on thisslide is 2016 statistic. We have 60% of our students from Australia, 26% areinternational students,

Our strategic plan is called “Focus Monash.”The strategic plan was set up for 2016 to 2020. Our student to staff ration is22:1.

關于莫納什大學：學生人數，目前大約有77,000名學生，這張幻燈片上的73,800是2016年的統計數據。我們有60％的學生是澳大利亞學生，26％是國際學生；

我們的戰略計劃稱為“Focus Monash”，戰略計劃是為2016年至2020年制定的。我們的學生與員工的比例為22：1。

Monash university has a presence on 4continents, of which including China, Malaysia, and India, we also have a presencein Prato in Italia, we have acampus in south Africa, so in additional to be in Australia.

On the left that you can see the map of Australia,and where we are located in Victoria. In the middle this big map here that’s aview of Melbourne，it shows where the campuses are, weget 4 campuses, over 900 teaching locations we are scheduling into, with that34,000 classes we are scheduling every year.

莫納什大學在四大洲都有分校，其中包括中國，馬來西亞和印度, 我們也在意大利的Prato（普拉托）有一個分校，除了澳大利亞我們在南非還有一個校區。
在左側，您可以看到澳大利亞的地圖，以及我們在維多利亞州的位置。中間這張大地圖是墨爾本的一個視圖，它顯示了校園的位置，我們每年會在這四個校區中的900多間授課地點裡編排34,000多個教學班。

What is a smart campus?

We know Universities are changing. Ourbuildings, our technologies, educational services are all integrated, newtechnologies changes our students expects and new way of learning, our teachersmust teach in different way.

We have the latest technology, and thisinclude interactive classrooms. As I mentioned to you before, our teachingspaces have difference types of learning, so we look at interact space, socialspaces, where our student can come together, encourage student interaction andlearning.

On this picture we look how we use ourspaces, how we schedule, how we use new technology that available, how weprovide that social leaning interaction for the student, and a timetabling teamhow we implement that.

What is our timetabling team’s role increating the smart campus?

什麼是智能校園?

我們知道大學正在發生變化，我們的建築，技術，教育服務正在向一體化逐步發展，新技術改變了學生們的期望，更新了學習方式，我們的老師必須以不同的方式進行教學。

我們擁有最新的技術，其中包括互動式教室。正如我之前提到過的，我們的教學空間适應不同的學習類型，在互動空間，社交空間，我們的學生可以聚集在一起，這樣可以鼓勵學生互動和學習。

在這張圖片中，我們可以看到我們如何使用我們的空間，我們如何排課，如何使用可用的新技術，我們如何為學生提供社交傾向的互動，還有排課團隊是如何實現這一點的。

我們的排課團隊在創建智能校園方面的作用是什麼？

TheVirtual Classroom and Virtual Learning

Our aim isto reduce the number of classes that were repeated, so for a lecture, we try tonot repeat to schedule a physical class, but we have also options for studentsthat they can have live streaming option, or they can look at the recordedclasses.

Thetimetabling team schedules this interactive classes without locations, we givethe student the options, to come and sit, I will choose the live streamingoption, I will not come to a classroom.

虛拟課堂和虛拟學習

我們的目标是減少重複課堂的數量，例如一個講座，我們盡量不重複安排這種傳統的課堂，但我們也為學生提供其他選擇，有現場直播，或者他們可以查看錄制課程。

排課團隊會安排這類沒有上課地點的交互式課堂，學生們也可以選擇來教室。我會選擇直播課程，我不會來教室。

MoVEstands for Monash Virtual Environment

This is a new way for students to accessthe specialized software and applications they need to complete their studies,we make this available to student on their own devices, they can access thesoftware anytime, anywhere, and no additional cost to the student.

Still have physical spaces classrooms, that are dedicatedcompute life where we have to have specialist computer in that, we can’t makethis technology available to students on their own laptops.

Student cansit at home, they can sit outside with their friends, they can sit at one ofthe social spaces, and they can use the software on their own devices to dotheir assessment, their assignment and to learn.

What’s thetimetabling team’s role in this? The timetabling team now can schedule theclasses into standard flat floor rooms with tables andchairs, we no longer need the computer labs, we no longer need to buy theequipment to go into those computer labs.

莫納什虛拟環境簡稱MoVE

這是一種新的方式，通過這種方式學生可以在他們自己的電腦上訪問完成學業所必須的專業軟件和應用程序，他們可以随時随地使用，而且無需支付額外費用。

傳統的計算機教室仍然存在，在這裡我們擁有專業的計算機用于處理學生的筆記本電腦無法應用的一些技術。

學生可以坐在家裡，可以和朋友一起坐在外面，可以坐在其中一個社交空間，他們可以在自己的設備上使用軟件進行考核，做作業和學習。

什麼是排課團隊的角色？ 排課團隊可以将課程安排到普通教室，我們不再需要計算機實驗室，我們不再需要為計算機實驗室購買設備。

We havegot the Specialist Teaching Spaces

This roomis part of the new building that I have mentioned. Thisroom is referred to as ‘learning in the round’. It’s unique in design, this wasdesigned by one of our professors, and his version was to say that the studentcan sit in groups that close to the professor teaching the class, they caninteract, they can use every single space in that room for learning purposes.

Students can write on these tables, thewriteable surfaces, you see this is 360 degree all around the room, so it’s around-room. There are white walls and you will see the students standing at theback and writing on the white walls.

That encourage the interaction betweenstudents and to share ideas. And it’s a new leaning environment for students.

The students or the teachers can at anytime go to any of those whiteboards, and to use the technology. You push abutton and the camera zoom to where you are, so you tell the camera this iswhere I am, and projects what is on the whiteboards on that big TV.

What does timetabling team do, how do theyschedule in this room?  this room canonly be used by academic staff that have been trained and have been developed,and designed the material, what they delivery and how they teach students inthis specific way. The timetabling team makes sure that classes going to thespaces are the great classes, we can’t put anything just any type of class intothis room, so we have to be sure that we schedule the right type of spaces.

我們有專業的教學空間

這間教室是我提到的新建築的一部分。這間教室被稱為“互動型教室”。它設計獨特，是由我們的一位教授設計的，他的意圖是希望學生可以坐在教授課程的教授附近，方便互動，他們可以利用“互動型教室“的每一個空間進行學習。

學生們可以在這些桌子上書寫，你會發現這個教室是360度的，這是一個圓形的教室四周圍繞着白色的牆壁，你會看到學生站在白牆附近在白牆上書寫。

這樣可以鼓勵學生之間的互動和分享想法。這對學生來說是一個新的學習環境。

學生或老師可以随時去任何一個白闆前，并使用下面這項技術。你按住一個按鈕，相機會變焦到你的位置，所以是你告訴相機自己的具體位置，并将白闆上的内容投影到大屏幕上。

排課團隊做了什麼，他們如何編排這個教室的課程？這個教室隻能由經過培訓和開發的學院教職工使用，并設計課程，教授的内容以及他們如何以這種特定的方式授課。排課團隊确保編排到這個教室的課堂是最适合的課堂，我們不能随意将任何類型的課程編排到這個教室，所以我們必須确保我們安排了正确的空間類型。

OptimalUtilisation of Space.

Thetimetabling team is responsible for scheduling classes in every space atcampus, so we are also responsible for optimal uses of spaces.

Thosegraphs on the left top, we can see how many classes we are teaching, how manyhours of teaching do we have. For each of campuses, for each of faculties, sowe can report that information.

The graphon the bottom shows us the number of hours that we are using our teachingspaces, this is the view of almost 4 years, we can see through those graphswhere we have availability , where we can teach more, where we can use thespace for events, we can highlight that out, so we can see what utilisation ofour space.

On thatside we can also look at and we know timetabling , we have the information weknow where our students are, we know when they are in whose spaces, in this specific view we can look at students finishing their classes after6:00 p.m., so we can inform security where our students are for their ownsafety, we know for a retailer, a food outlets how many students are on campus, how many do we have to providefor.

All this information comes out of thetimetabling system that we use.

空間的最佳利用

排課團隊負責編排校園的每個空間的課堂，因此我們還負責空間的最佳利用。

左上方的那些圖表，我們可以看到我們正在教授多少課堂，我們有多少小時的教學。對于每個校區，每個院系，我們都可以報告該信息。

底部的圖表顯示了我們使用教學空間的小時數，這是近4年的數據，通過這個圖标可以看到哪些空間是我們還可以使用的，我們可以在哪裡編排更多課堂，我們可以在哪裡安排活動，我們可以突出顯示這些信息，我們可以看到我們的空間利用率。

右邊的圖表，我們也可以查看并了解課程表，我們知道學生的位置，我們可以知道學生什麼時候在什麼地方。在這個特定的圖表中我們可以看到在下午6點之後下課的學生人數，為了學生的人身安全我們可以告知安保人員學生的位置，我們可以通知零售商，食堂有多少學生在校園，需要提供多少餐飯。

所有這些信息都來自我們使用的課程表系統。

How dowe ensure space is used optimally?

For us thetimetabling is the data quality, the quality of information that we collect isvery important. It tells the system where we can sit,how we can schedule the classes, where our availability is, where our studentswill have classes. 

The software we used is very specialized,very sophisticated, andit helps us by using this functionality we can schedule timetabling automatic,stay booking into rooms. We don’t plan timetables in excel or paper, we do itall through the software that we have.

As you seefrom the reports that I have shown you before, we monitor the timetablefrequently, we look at do we have enough spaces for our students, can everystudent attend the class, other opinions for Virtual-learning, also do we havetoo many classes scheduled, can we cancel some?

我們如何确保最佳地使用空間？

對我們來說，課程表既是數據質量，我們收集的信息質量非常重要。 它告訴系統我們可以在哪裡，如何編排課程，可用性如何，學生将在哪裡上課。

我們使用的軟件非常專業，非常精準，通過這個軟件可以自動編排時間表，預定教室。 我們不用excel或紙來制作課程表，我們通過我們使用的軟件完成所有工作。

正如之前我展示過的報告那樣，我們經常監控課程表，确保是否有足夠的空間供學生使用，每個學生都能上課，其他有關虛拟學習的選擇，我們是否編排了太多課堂，可以取消一些嗎？

So I amgoing to tell you about timetabling team, how do we do this? How is thetimetabling team structured?

We have alarge team, we have about 15 people in our team,

We haveadopted the scrum method of the Agile framework, you may be familiar aboutAgile which is used for the software development,

And we alsoadapted the way it works, we adapted the Agile to the day to day operations oftimetabling team.

It isdesigned for teams between 3 and 9 people, we have 3 teams, they choose thename for their team, you can see we got the Simpsons, the Snow White, and theCars.  We have 2 teams of 6 people, 1team of 3 people.

We breakour work into a 2-week period, so every 2-week we plan what we do for the next2 weeks, what is coming up, taking the consideration where we need to schedulefor our campus, so these 2-week period is called “Sprints”.

Every 8 –12 weeks we get together and we do a planning session, called PI planning,which stands for a Program Increment Planning (PI), so we bring everyonetogether we look at the works that coming up and we break it down in detailtasks,  and we take this is how we aregoing to schedule, this is how we are going to divide the work and what we aregoing to do.

We have auniversity approved timeline forscheduling a timetable for every semester, this timeline is shaped for academicstaffs, and we go through every phase, we get data collection, check out data,prepare for scheduling, draft timetable, and this timeline is what we used whenwe do our planning for the team.

We have a daily stand-up, so every day the teamcomes together and stand in front of the wall, and they say the tasks that theyhave to do for the day, they see what’s coming up, what information do we needto collect, how do we make sure that we schedule the correct classes, when dowe schedule those classes, who do we need to talk to for that.The teamcomes and stands in front of the wall, they look at their tasks, and they canmove that task from planned to in progress, to completed. That is a scheduleddaily meeting that the team has. At the end of the 2-week, we have feedbacksession, we ask the team what we worked, what we have to change, so we havethat feedback session with the team.

The benefitof using and doing this way, the visibility of what every person in the teamdoes, also a sense of progress, so every team member knows that they are making progress, they actually achievesome, and we also give some opportunity to give us feedback, so we encourage the continuous improvement within theteam.

接下來我要講解一下排課團隊的結構如何？

我們有一個很大的團隊，約有15人，

我們采用了敏捷框架，您可能熟悉用于軟件開發的敏捷框架。

我們還調整了它的工作方式，我們将敏捷框架應用于排課團隊的日常工作。

它專為3至9人的團隊設計，我們有3個團隊，團隊為自己選擇團隊名字，你可以看到我們有辛普森，白雪公主和汽車隊。我們有2個6人團隊，1個3人團隊。

我們将工作分為兩周一個周期，所以每兩周我們會計劃接下來兩周的工作，考慮到我們需要編排的校區，所以這兩周的時間被稱為“工作周期”。

每隔8到12周我們聚在一起，我們會做一個名為計劃增量的會議簡稱PI計劃會議，我們将所有人聚集在一起，我們探讨即将到來的工作，将這些工作細分到每個任務，通過這樣的會議我們明确自己接下來要怎樣去編排課表，怎樣分配工作以及具體需要做哪些事情。

我們有一個學校批準的時間線來安排每個學期的課程表工作，這個時間線是為學校員工準備的，我們詳細檢查每個階段，收集數據，檢查數據， 起草課程表，我們通過這個時間線來規劃團隊工作計劃。

我們有日常工作進度表，所以每天團隊聚集在一起站在白闆前，探讨他們當天要做的任務，即将發生的事情，需要收集哪些信息，如何确保編排正确的課程，何時安排這些課程，需要與誰交流。團隊站在白闆前，看着他們的任務，他們可以将任務從計劃移到正在進行，直到完成。這是團隊的預定日常會議。在兩周結束時，我們有反饋會議，詢問團隊我們做了什麼，我們必須改變什麼，這就是我們與團隊的反饋會議。

使用和執行這種方式的好處是，團隊中每個人所做的事情具有可見性，團隊成員有進步感，因此每個團隊成員都知道他們正在取得進步，他們實際上實現了一些進步，我們也給團隊一些機會進行反饋，我們鼓勵團隊内部的持續改進。

The tools we use in our team.

We useConfluence as our document management system, so every single process is documented, which spaces are specific spaces, who do we needto contact, what type of classes can be scheduled into those spaces.

We use slack as the team chat tool, so theteam use the slack on the daily basis, instead of sending each other emails,the team use slack on which we can put messages who is working on this, I havea problem with this, who do I contact to get this information from, this alsoprovides and encourages that cooperation in teamwork within the team.

We use salesforce for our enquirymanagement, any staff members that want to make change to a timetable willsubmit that through salesforce, every student that has enquiry about thetimetable will submit that through salesforce, and our team manage all thoseenquiries response to everyone.

Then we have a range of Scientia productswe use for that whole process timeline, we collect information, we schedule atimetable, we make the draft develop, we adjust timetable, we publish the timetable and then we maintain the timetable. And in Scientia products, we have atool for each of those phases we can manage and schedule our timetable.

我們團隊中使用的工具。

我們使用Confluence作為我們的文檔管理系統來記錄每個過程，哪些教室是特定教室，我們需要聯系誰，可以在這些教室中安排什麼類型的課程。

我們使用slack作為團隊日常工作的聊天工具，用以取代發送電子郵件，團隊使用slack來分配工作、提出問題并征詢建議，這也提供并鼓勵團隊内部的團隊合作。

我們使用salesforce進行查詢管理，任何想要更改課程表的員工都會通過salesforce提交申請，每個對課程表有疑問的學生都可以通過salesforce提交他們的問題，我們的團隊會處理這些問題并回複給每個人。

我們在整個流程時間線中使用了一系列Scientia的産品，我們收集信息，編排時間表，制定草稿，調整課程表，發布課程表，然後維護課程表。Scientia産品為每個階段提供了工具，用以管理和編排我們的課程表。

I want to share you an interesting termcalled microservice architecture

Amicroservice architecture is defined as: A largeapplication built as a suite of modular services; and each of this module hasspecific goal, and business purpose, it’s independently deployable. That’s sotrue that the way we work in timetabling, we have, if you look at the previousslides, all the tools we used, so the big picture here that we’ve got for each,we got each application that we use, but if we deal with a little bit deeper, onthe software level, on the scheduling level, each of the modules that weuse,  have a specific business purpose, we can’t  independently update.

We look at the benefits of having themodules that we can use together, we can see the flexible and adapts to change quicklyso we want to make the change the way we collect information for scheduling, wecan do that real quickly, we can change one of our modules, to suit thebusiness requirements we have, the architecture integrates seamlessly, withthird-party system.

Configuration is flexible, easy to deployand upgrade.

So in the nature, that’s what we do inMonash University for timetabling, that’s how we support smart campus, how wesupport the change in the delivery, the change in the education design, to meetthe requirement of specialization student change needs for education.

我想與大家分享一個名為微服務架構的有趣術語

微服務架構的定義為：作為一組模塊化服務構建的大型應用程序; 并且每個模塊都有特定的目标和業務目的，它可以獨立部署。這是真實的，我們編排課程表的工作方式，如果你看過前面的幻燈片，我們使用的所有工具如圖所示。但是如果我們處理更深入到軟件級别，在編排級别，我們使用的每個模塊，都具有特定的業務目的，不能獨立更新。

我們看看擁有可以一起使用的模塊的好處，靈活和快速适應，當我們希望改變課程表信息的收集方式，我們可以快速做到這一點，我們可以改變其中一個模塊來滿足我們的業務需求，該架構與第三方系統無縫集成。

配置靈活，易于部署和升級。

這就是我們在莫納什大學編排課程表所做的事情，這就是我們如何支持智能校園，如何支持交付的變化，教育設計的變化，以滿足專業化學生變革教育的需求。

And because this is what I do every day,this is my mission, timetabling, I will leave you with one question here, justone question, that is are you engaging and are you empowering your timetabling team at your campusto help you to support delivering the smart campus that you want.

Thank you so much.

這就是我每天所做的工作，編排課程表，我會在這裡留下一個問題，那就是你是否參與或促使你們學校的課程表編排工作，用以支持智能校園的建設？

非常感謝。

（以上内容為現場實錄）